Pretoria was founded by and named after Andries Pretorius, ending a migration that his ancestor had once begun in Schüttorf. His son Martinus Wessel Pretorius made it 1860 the capital of the racist settler republic Zuid Afrikaanse Republiek (ZAR). A few thousand members of cattle farmers survived by guns from the Cape Colony and enforced labour wrenched from at least the double amount of Africans. The ZAR turned into a state only by the efforts of Friedrich Jeppe, who cartographed the country, collected and published the laws, tidied the finances and, as part of the latter, finally established a postal system with the help of Adlph Otto from Güstrow in Mecklenburg.